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| Lydy, Michael; Southern Illinois University at Carbondale; mlydy@siu.edu; Belden, Jason; Southern Illinois University at Carbondale; jbelden@siu.edu; Wheelock, Craig; University of California at Davis; cewheelock@ucdavis.edu; Hammock, Bruce; University of California at Davis; bdhammock@ucdavis.edu; Denton, Debra; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Denton.Debra@epamail.epa.gov. |
| This paper introduces the field of mixture toxicity and the challenges in regulating pesticide mixtures. Even though pesticides are unique chemical stressors designed to have biological activity that can affect a number of nontarget species, they are intentionally placed into the environment in large quantities. Currently, methods and terminology for evaluating mixture toxicity are poorly established. The most common approach used is the assumption of additive concentration, with the concentrations adjusted for potency to a reference toxicant. Using this approach, the joint action of pesticides that have similar chemical structures and modes of toxic action can be predicted. However, this approach and other modeling techniques often provide little insight... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: EPA; Additive toxicity; Concentration addition; Independent action; Mixtures; Pesticides; Regulations; Risk cup; Toxicity; Toxicity assessment. |
| Ano: 2004 |
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| Santigosa, Ester; Geay, Florian; Tonon, Thierry; Le Delliou, Herve; Kuhl, Heiner; Reinhardt, Richard; Corcos, Laurent; Cahu, Chantal; Zambonino, Jose-luis; Mazurais, David. |
| Fish are the main source of the n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, which are crucial for human health. Their synthesis from C18 precursors is mediated by desaturases and elongases, but the activity of these enzymes has not been conclusively established in marine fish species. This study reports the cloning, tissue expression, and functional characterization of a sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) Δ6-desaturase and one of its splicing variants. Two cDNAs with open reading frames of 1,346 and 1,354 bp were cloned and named D6D and D6D-V, respectively. Both deduced protein sequences (445 and 387 amino acids, respectively) contained two transmembrane regions and the N-terminal cytochrome b5 domain with the HPGG motif characteristic of microsomal desaturases.... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax); Desaturase; HUFA biosynthesis; Fish; EPA. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00023/13470/10477.pdf |
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| Wilson, James D.. |
| How "default options" should be used in health risk assessment divides the risk analysis profession. Some argue that these should be "hard": set by policy, generally biased to be "health protective" and requiring a substantial body of evidence to replace by decision-specific alternatives. Others argue that they should be science-based, identified by consensus of the professional community, replaced by whatever decision-specific information may be available to the analyst. This paper shows that both positions have validity, and that both are incomplete. Each kind of construct has a useful role to play, but in different kinds of decisions. Because the two are different, we suggest giving them different names, "default option" being assigned to the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Risk; Regulation; Decision making; Default options; EPA; FDA; Science; Policy; Public participation; Risk analysis; Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10712 |
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| Garcia,Elis Regina de Moraes; Murakami,Alice Eiko; Matsushita,Makoto; Dalalio,Márcia Machado de Oliveira; Della-Rosa,Valter Augusto; Fernandes,Jovanir Inês Müller. |
| O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar o perfil de ácidos graxos e a concentração de prostaglandina na tíbia de frangos de corte alimentados com rações contendo óleo de linhaça no período de 1 a 42 dias de idade. Nas fases inicial e de crescimento (1 a 21 dias e 22 a 42 dias, respectivamente), foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos (2,0; 3,5; 5,0 ou 6,5% de óleo de linhaça), 6 repetições e 50 aves/unidade experimental. No período de 1 a 42 dias de idade, o perfil lipídico das rações refletiu sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos dos ossos. O aumento do nível de óleo de linhaça às rações promoveu redução linear da concentração do ácido graxo 20:4n-6 nas células ósseas, porém com menor intensidade ao longo da idade. As... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Ácido araquidônico; EPA; Lipídios; Prostaglandina E2; Tíbia. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982009000700013 |
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| Palacios, Elena; Racotta, I; Kraffe, E; Marty, Y; Moal, Jeanne; Samain, Jean-francois. |
| Seasonal variations in fatty acid composition in several tissues of a 1-year-old population of giant lion's-paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus were analyzed during gonad development. Samples were taken bimonthly from December 1999 to June 2000, a period in which gonad development was occurring. Fatty acid accumulation in neutral and polar lipids of the female gonad was concomitant to the gonad development and presented a maximum in June. Among essential fatty acids, a specific accumulation was observed only for 20:5n - 3 in the female gonad, as suggested by an increase in its proportion in the neutral and the polar fractions. However, no specific accumulation was observed for 22:6n - 3, as its proportion remained relatively constant in both fractions. We... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Reproduction; Pectinidae; HUFA; EPA; DHA; Arachidonic acid. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-767.pdf |
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| Le Nechet, Sandrine; Dubois, Nolwenn; Gouygou, Jean-paul; Berge, Jean-pascal. |
| If rays are traditionally fished for their caudal fins, the rest of the body is wasted, except part of the skin that can be transformed into leather. Liver oil of the ray, Himantura bleekeri, was characterized in terms of lipid class composition and fatty acid profile. Liver oil content was high and represented 54% of the liver weight (w/w). Neutral lipids were predominant (92%), major components being triacylglycerols (63%). Other neutral lipids identified were hydrocarbons, sterol esters, mono- and di-acylglycerols, free fatty acids, sterols and glyceryl ethers. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 series, namely eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, were high (4% and 16%, respectively). Cholesterol was the major component in the sterol fractions... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Sterol; Squalene; DHA; EPA; PUFA; Lipids; Fatty acids; Ray liver oil. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3129.pdf |
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| Navarro-García,Gerardo; Gámez-Meza,Nohemí; Medina-Juárez,Luis Angel; Ortega-García,Jesús; Cota-Quiñones,Elizabeth; Ramirez-Suarez,Juan Carlos. |
| ABSTRACT: The effect of the addition of natural antioxidants on oxidative stability of ray ( Rhinoptera bonasus) liver oil was evaluated. Different concentrations of rosemary extract, α-tocopherol, and caffeic acid (w/w) were added to the oil. Afterwards, concentration of each antioxidant that gave the highest stability was used in an accelerated stability test (Schaal method). The protective effect was established by the retention in the oil of fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA), and concentration of volatile compounds. The best concentrations were: 2.5% of rosemary extract, 0.5% of α-tocopherol, and 0.06% of caffeic acid. Rosemary extract showed to be the product with the greatest ability to retard oxidation, followed by... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Ray liver oil; Natural antioxidants; EPA; DHA; Volatile compounds. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782017000100752 |
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